Abstract: The United States modern art expert Wayne V. Andersen identified in his article “Gauguin and a Peruvian Mummy” (1967) that a Peruvian mummy was one of the sources of inspiration of the painter Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) and there is now definitive evidence that confirms this hypothesis. In addition to the paintings mentioned in said article, a series of figures in many of Gauguin’s other works are believed to have been inspired by the mummy. For the first time, this article will attempt to present a complete list of the works that appear to have been inspired by the mummy and reviews the strength of such claims.